{"id":205922,"date":"2022-02-23T14:58:46","date_gmt":"2022-02-23T12:58:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.watchdog.md\/?p=205922"},"modified":"2023-06-12T15:18:24","modified_gmt":"2023-06-12T12:18:24","slug":"gaze-naturale-de-ce-au-explodat-preturile-spot-pe-piata-europeana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/analyzes\/205922\/gaze-naturale-de-ce-au-explodat-preturile-spot-pe-piata-europeana\/","title":{"rendered":"(Rom\u00e2n\u0103) GAZE NATURALE. DE CE AU EXPLODAT PRE\u021aURILE SPOT PE PIA\u021aA EUROPEAN\u0102?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205922\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-ro\" title=\"Rom\u00e2n\u0103\">Rom\u00e2n\u0103<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":205933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"(Rom\u00e2n\u0103) <!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>1. Din cauze globale<\/strong>. Pre\u021bul gazelor naturale a crescut semnificativ \u00een pie\u021bele interna\u021bionale \u0219i \u00een pia\u021ba european\u0103 pe parcursul lui 2021, \u00een decembrie ajung\u00e2nd chiar de 4 ori mai mare dec\u00e2t anul anterior. Cel pu\u021bin \u00eentr-o prim\u0103 faz\u0103, nu putem ar\u0103ta cu degetul spre un singur \u201dvinovat\u201d. Economia mondial\u0103, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu Asia de Sud-Est, \u0219i-a revenit puternic dup\u0103 lockdown-urile de anul trecut, redirec\u021bion\u00e2nd transporturile globale de LNG dinspre Europa. Produc\u021bia \u0219i-a revenit greu dup\u0103 \u0219ocul de anul trecut, c\u00e2nd au fost am\u00e2nate lucr\u0103ri de \u00eentre\u021binere sau investi\u021bii, de exemplu \u00een Norvegia sau Olanda; c\u00e2teva evenimente nea\u0219teptate, precum un uragan \u00een SUA, au redus exporturile de LNG. Cererea de gaz a crescut mult \u00een prima jum\u0103tate a lui 2021 din cauza unei prim\u0103veri neobi\u0219nuit de reci, pentru care s-a folosit destul de mult gaz \u00eenmagazinat anterior.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":205926} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.watchdog.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Captura\u0306-de-ecran-din-2022-02-23-la-15.29.25.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-205926\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Cre\u0219terea cererii\r\nde gaz n-a fost \u201duniform\u0103\u201d pe sectoare \u0219i trimestre. \u00cen 2021, cererea de gaze a\r\ncrescut mult \u00een primele dou\u0103 trimestre, at\u00e2t pe segmentul consumatorilor\r\ncasnici, c\u00e2t \u0219i cererea industrial\u0103 \u0219i pentru produc\u021bia de energie electric\u0103.\r\n\u00cen a doua jum\u0103tate a anului \u00een UE a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se fac\u0103 sim\u021bit\u0103 destul de\r\nputernic lipsa gazului din pia\u021b\u0103, \u00een special reducerea importurilor pe conducte\r\n\u0219i cantit\u0103\u021bilor disponibile din depozitele de \u00eenmagazinare europene care n-au\r\nputut fi compensate de cre\u0219terea importurilor de gaz lichefiat (LNG) \u00een\r\nultimele luni. Pur \u0219i simplu, gazul era prea pu\u021bin pentru c\u00e2t se cerea. Cum\r\nvara casnicii nu prea consum\u0103 \u0219i facturile r\u0103m\u00e2n mici, primii afecta\u021bi au fost\r\nconsumatorii industriali \u0219i produc\u0103torii de energie electric\u0103 din gaz; la\r\nconsumatorii casnici problema a ap\u0103rut odat\u0103 cu r\u0103cirea vremii.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>Dar cererea de\r\nenergie electric\u0103, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, a crescut \u00een 2021 odat\u0103 cu revenirea\r\neconomiilor; c\u00e2nd lipse\u0219te gazul, energia electric\u0103 trebuie produs\u0103 din\r\naltceva. A\u0219a s-a \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2mplat, cre\u0219terea cererii de energie fiind acoperit\u0103 de\r\nnuclear (6%), regenerabile (1%), gaz (4%) \u0219i c\u0103rbune (11%). \u0218i aici, problema a\r\nfost c\u0103 sursele regenerabile n-au putut produce mai mult din cauza condi\u021biilor\r\nmeteo defavorabile (pur \u0219i simplu, a b\u0103tut prea pu\u021bin v\u00e2nt). Asta a \u00eensemnat c\u0103\r\n\u00eent\u00e2i s-a produs mai mult\u0103 energie electric\u0103 din gaz \u00een prim\u0103var\u0103, apoi, din\r\nlipsa gazului, produc\u021bia s-a mutat brutal spre c\u0103rbune spre finele anului.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>2. Din vina\r\nGazprom.<\/strong> A\u0219adar,\r\npre\u021burile spot pentru gazul natural au crescut din cauza lipsei gazului \u00een\r\npia\u021b\u0103. Dar lipsa gazului \u00een Europa, cel pu\u021bin din var\u0103 \u00eencoace, e mai pu\u021bin din\r\ncauze globale \u0219i mai mult din cauza restr\u00e2ngerii brutale a cantit\u0103\u021bilor de gaz pe\r\ncare \u00eel livreaz\u0103 europenilor Gazprom. De altfel, exist\u0103 consens interna\u021bional\r\nc\u0103 Gazprom a manipulat pia\u021ba european\u0103 \u2013 toat\u0103 lumea confirm\u0103, Comisia\r\nEuropean\u0103, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, International Energy Agency sau\r\nthink-tank-uri onorabile ca Martens Institute. Astfel:<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list -->\r\n<ul><li>Din var\u0103, perioad\u0103 \u00een care se \u00eenmagazineaz\u0103, Gazprom \u0219i-a onorat contractele din depozitele de \u00eenmagazinare pe care le de\u021bine \u00een Europa \u0219i de unde \u00een mod normal se extrage doar iarna, la v\u00e2rf de consum. C\u00e2nd auzim c\u0103 \u201dam intrat \u00een iarn\u0103 cu depozitele mai goale dec\u00e2t anul trecut\u201d, trebuie re\u021binut c\u0103 n-au sc\u0103zut toate depozitele din Europa la fel, ci exclusiv cele ale Gazprom<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":205928} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.watchdog.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Captura\u0306-de-ecran-din-2022-02-23-la-15.32.46.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-205928\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list -->\r\n<ul><li>Transporturile\r\npe conducte nu au sc\u0103zut semnificativ pe toate conductele dinspre Rusia, ci\r\ndoar pe cele prin Ucraina \u0219i Belarus-Polonia; singurele conducte pe care s-a\r\nlivrat normal au fost Nord Stream \u0219i Turk Stream. Din noiembrie, c\u00e2nd\r\nreglementatorul german a am\u00e2nat autorizarea Nord Stream 2, Gazprom \u0219i-a redus\r\n\u0219i mai mult tranzitul pe cele dou\u0103 rute, cu 51% prin Ucraina \u0219i 58% prin\r\nBelarus. De remarcat c\u0103 blameaz\u0103 tot pe europeni pentru asta \u2013 de pild\u0103, a\r\nv\u00e2ndut gaz mai ieftin unor companii germane, acuz\u00e2nd dup\u0103 aceea c\u0103 gazul curge\r\nde la est la vest pentru c\u0103 acele companii germane speculeaz\u0103 pre\u021burile mai\r\nmari din Polonia<\/li><li>Nu\r\nexist\u0103 nicio justificare, alta dec\u00e2t \u0219antajul politic, pentru reducerea\r\nlivr\u0103rilor spre Europa. Produc\u021bia Gazprom a crescut cu 15% fa\u021b\u0103 de 2020, nivel\r\nrecord \u00een ultimii 13 ani; iar exporturile Gazprom spre China s-au dublat \u0219i\r\nspre Turcia au crescut cu 60%. <\/li><\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":205929} -->\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.watchdog.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Captura\u0306-de-ecran-din-2022-02-23-la-15.33.14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-205929\"\/><\/figure>\r\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"left\"} -->\r\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"><em>surs\u0103 imagine: realitatea.md<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:separator -->\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\r\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"right\"} -->\r\n<p style=\"text-align:right\"><em>Autor: Ana Otilia Nu\u021bu - Analist\u0103 de politici publice \u00een energie \u015fi infrastructur\u0103, companii publice \u0219i autorit\u0103\u0163i de reglementare,\u00a0Expert Forum Rom\u00e2nia (EFOR)<\/em><\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-205922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analyzes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205922","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=205922"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205922\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/205933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=205922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=205922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/watchdog.md\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=205922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}